Idaho Elk Mule Deer

Unit 31 (Brownlee Zone)

Idaho Hunting Guide — Elk, Mule Deer

Unit 31 lies in Washington County and covers about 597 square miles. Named ground inside it runs from 2,066 to 7,578 feet. Idaho Fish and Game's harvest estimates put elk success here as high as 20%. Federal land covers about 41% of it. Check land status on a current map before you plan a route.

View Draw Odds Idaho Hunting Guide

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41%

Public Land

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2,145–6,060 ft

Sampled elevation

Build your own PDF hunt guide for Unit 31

Answer a few questions about your tag, your season and your rig, and the Field Intelligence Report builds a print-ready Idaho Unit 31 guide around your hunt: three ranked spots with morning, afternoon and evening plays, a day-by-day plan, topo maps with every pin numbered, a camp and access plan, the legal and retrieval rules for this unit, shot discipline, a meat-care and pack-out plan, and a pre-trip checklist. Every coordinate sits on land recorded as public.

Elk guide Mule Deer guide

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Elk Hunting in Unit 31

Where to Find Elk in Unit 31

Idaho Fish and Game's material on unit 31 stops at the boundary — there is no agency account of where its elk live. So the ground below is the unit's own and the read on where to start is ours, labelled as such. The unit lies in Washington County. It runs to about 597 square miles.

How Idaho Fish and Game sets up elk hunting in unit 31

Idaho Fish and Game runs its general elk seasons by elk management zone rather than unit by unit, and puts unit 31 in the Brownlee Zone, so the zone's tag rules are the ones that apply here.

The lines of the unit: Brownlee Dam and Snake River

Idaho Fish and Game describes unit 31 as that portion of Washington County within the following boundary: beginning at Brownlee Dam on the Snake River, then southeast on State Highway 71 to U.S. 95, then southwest on U.S. 95 to the Snake River at Weiser, then down the Snake River to the point of beginning. That is a legal description, not a habitat map. What it does give you is the way in: the rivers and highways you cross, and the divides that decide which drainage you end up in.

High ground inside the line: Hitt Mountains, Sturgill Peak and Hitt Peak

Named high points inside the unit include Hitt Mountains at 7,578 feet, Sturgill Peak at 7,572 feet, Hitt Peak at 7,405 feet, Benton Peak at 7,217 feet and Iron Mountain at 6,487 feet. Several carry a public-land flag in our data, which makes them the first places to try for a view. Elk want timber to bed in and open ground to feed on, within a short walk of each other.

Holding ground: Tamarack Flat, Barton Gulch and Deadhorse Gulch

Below them sit Tamarack Flat at 5,271 feet, Barton Gulch at 5,100 feet, Deadhorse Gulch at 4,762 feet, Pine Grass Flat at 4,671 feet and Mulmick Gulch at 4,517 feet. That is the low country of the unit — the ground animals drop into when they are pushed or when the weather turns. Reaching the edge of one before light beats reaching its middle at noon.

Water: Looney Spring

The water inside the unit line comes to 128 mapped stream reaches, 14 lakes, 99 stock tanks and 5 springs. Named sources include Looney Spring. Nothing in the data says which of them run in autumn, so a scouting trip earns its fuel.

Reading the land status

Our ownership read for this unit is approximate — it comes out as National Forest 60%, Private / Other 32% and State Trust 8%, so treat it as a starting point and check a current land-status layer before you plan a route. Named ground inside unit 31 runs from 2,066 feet to 7,578 feet — more than 4,000 feet between the named features alone, so the season you draw decides which part of it you hunt.

Unit 31 terrain and land status

Measured from the unit boundary, not from the agency write-up

The lay of it

2,145–6,060 ft on a terrain sample , averaging 3,910 ft ; peaks can run higher.
596.5 sq mi inside the boundary.

Who owns the ground

National Forest — 60%
State Trust — 8%
Private / Other — 32%

Roughly 68% is public. Carry a land-status layer anyway — these are area percentages, not a map of where the boundaries fall.

Water on the ground

99 tanks
5 springs
128 stream segments
14 lakes

Counts from mapping data, so this is how many exist, not how many hold water in a dry year. Sitting water only pays where you find fresh tracks.

Named features inside the unit

Glass from: Hitt Mountains (7,578 ft), Hitt Peak (7,405 ft), Iron Mountain (6,487 ft), Corner Mountain (6,284 ft)

Holding ground: Coffee Flat (6,566 ft), Telephone Saddle (5,826 ft), Tamarack Flat (5,271 ft), Looney Spring

Every one of these was tested against the unit polygon before it went on the map. They are starting points, not agency recommendations.

How to Hunt Elk in Unit 31

Idaho Fish and Game's own harvest estimates put elk success in unit 31 at 20% across all manners of take. That is an ordinary spread for this country, and it rewards whoever scouted. The plan: find the feed, find the timber it backs onto, then watch the seam between them at the edges of the day.

The 2026 controlled hunts in unit 31

Idaho Fish and Game's 2026 rules list 7 controlled hunts for elk on unit 31 under its own number, the first 6 of them here.

Hunt 2008 — antlered elk, 75 tags, Oct 15–Oct 31
Hunt 2009 — antlered elk, 75 tags, Nov 1–Nov 14
Hunt 2073 — antlerless elk, 150 tags, Oct 15–Oct 31
Hunt 2074 — antlerless elk, 150 tags, Nov 1–Nov 14
Hunt 2112 — either sex elk, 50 tags, Oct 1–Oct 14
Hunt 2156 — youth only, antlerless elk, 100 tags, Oct 15–Nov 14

Dates and tag numbers are IDFG's as printed for that season, and IDFG changes hunt areas between years, so check the current booklet before you apply.

Applying for a unit 31 tag

Idaho Fish and Game's first application period for deer, elk and pronghorn runs May 1 to June 5, with results in early July, and a second period runs August 5 to 15 for what is left. A hunter drawn for a limited antlered-only elk hunt sits out the next year's first period for that kind of hunt; unlimited and extra hunts are exempt. Two to four hunters may apply together for the same hunt. Idaho's draw is random, with no preference or bonus points to build.

Glassing from McChord Butte, Big Hill and Dead Indian Ridge

Take a position on one of McChord Butte (5,741 ft), Big Hill (4,819 ft), Dead Indian Ridge (4,282 ft) and Kelly Mountain (4,133 ft) and be on it before light. In the dark the air runs downhill. Pick an approach that doesn't send it into the country you want to see, and plan to move once the slope warms. Give a basin forty minutes before you decide it is empty. On the rut hunts, September bugling works where you can get above a drainage and let the thermals carry sound downhill.

Water against feed

There are 128 mapped stream reaches and 99 tanks inside the unit, so water is rarely the limiting factor. Where water is everywhere, feed is what concentrates animals, so hunt the feed and treat water as a convenience. Sitting water works where you can see fresh tracks going in, and nowhere else.

Timing the season: Sep, Oct, Nov

Season normals here run Sep 81/48°F, Oct 64/36°F and Nov 47/27°F. Warm afternoons compress the hunting into the first and last hour, and make meat care the day's real problem rather than the shot. Precipitation runs about 0.4 in. in Sep, 1 in. in Oct and 1.8 in. in Nov, and the graded gravel in this unit turns greasy wet.

Getting past the roads: US 95 and ID 71

US 95 and ID 71 are the paved frame, which is also where everyone else starts. There is little true four-wheel-drive road here, so distance from the gravel is the only thing separating you from the next hunter.

Getting in and staying out: unit 31

Named routes and what they need

US 95 — 13.2 mi · Paved (all rigs)
ID 71 — 12.8 mi · Paved (all rigs)
Snake River Road — 9.5 mi · Graded gravel (2WD / small trailer)
CR 70 — 3.7 mi · Graded gravel (2WD / small trailer)
Keithly Creek Road — 2.4 mi · Graded gravel (2WD / small trailer)
Shoepeg Road — 2 mi · Graded gravel (2WD / small trailer)

Ratings come from road data, not from a drive this season. Check current conditions with the managing office before you commit a trailer.

Nearest services

Midvale — 12.4 mi · no services listed
Cambridge — 15.9 mi · fuel, groceries
Huntington — 17.4 mi · no services listed
Weiser — 17.7 mi · no services listed
Richland — 20.7 mi · groceries

Developed camps

Mann Creek Campground · reservable
Woodland Park
Spring Creek Campground · reservable
Justrite Campground
Paradise Campground

Season weather and signal

Jan34° / 20° · 2.3" precip
Aug92° / 58° · 0.3" precip
Sep81° / 48° · 0.4" precip
Oct64° / 36° · 1" precip
Nov47° / 27° · 1.8" precip
Dec35° / 21° · 3" precip

Best signal is Verizon at about 26% of the unit. Plan on being out of contact and tell someone your route.

Idaho rules that decide your day

Summarised from IDFG regulations. They change — read the current regulations and your permit-tag before you hunt.

Legal shooting hours

Big game may be taken from half an hour before sunrise to half an hour after sunset.

Motorized retrieval

Idaho has no general off-road retrieval allowance on federal ground; stay on designated routes.

Tagging

Validate the tag by cutting out the month and day, and attach it to the carcass before moving it.

Leaving meat

Wasting edible meat is illegal.

Where you may not shoot

Occupied structures — No shooting from or across a public highway, and no shooting toward an occupied dwelling.

Elk: where to put the shot

Broadside or quartering away, on the back edge of the front leg about a third of the way up the body. That is lungs, and on a quartering-away angle it picks up the far shoulder.

Shots to refuse

No straight-on and no straight-away shots. An elk's chest is deep and the margin is small.
Nothing standing behind or overlapping the animal you picked. A pass-through kills the elk behind it too.
Your maximum range is the farthest you have put three shots in a paper plate off the sticks you are actually carrying. Not the farthest you have ever hit anything.
Scope on 3–4x. A herd fills a 12x field of view and you lose the animal you picked.

Identification:On an antlerless tag, legal means no antler of any kind through the skin. A spike looks exactly like a cow until it turns its head. If you can't see the head, don't shoot.

Plan the carry: roughly 150– 220 lb of boned-out meat, before head and hide — two to four large coolers, plus bagged ice from town. ProHunt planning estimate, not an agency figure.

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Elk Success Rates

Rifle20%

Archery18%

Idaho Fish and Game's 2025 harvest estimates put elk success in unit 31 at 20% — 152 animals taken by 764 hunters. The hunter count is large enough for the percentage to mean something and small enough that a good or bad year still moves it.

These are the agency's own printed figures for this unit, not a modelled estimate and not a state average. They describe one season, so check Idaho Fish and Game's current harvest estimates before you read a trend into them.

Elk Draw Odds

Season	Tags	Applicants	Draw %	Pts (n/p)
Controlled — 1st Drawing either sex (resident)	69	548	13.0%	—
Controlled — 1st Drawing either sex (nonresident)	6	67	9.0%	—
Controlled — 2nd Drawing either sex (resident)	4	314	1.0%	—
Controlled — 2nd Drawing either sex (nonresident)	0	48	0.0%	—

Data from 2025 draw results. Each row is one residency pool — read the label before the number. This agency publishes no point thresholds, so the Pts column stays blank and these are pool odds, not what a point total draws.

Open in Draw Odds Engine

Idaho Fish and Game's 2025 first drawing for elk in unit 31, with residents and nonresidents kept apart because they draw from different tag pools:

Hunt 2112 — residents 579 applicants for 45 tags, 8% drawn; nonresidents 74 applicants for 5 tags, 7% drawn
Hunt 2008 — residents 548 applicants for 69 tags, 13% drawn; nonresidents 67 applicants for 6 tags, 9% drawn
Hunt 2009 — residents 381 applicants for 69 tags, 18% drawn; nonresidents 45 applicants for 6 tags, 13% drawn
Hunt 2163 — residents 293 applicants for 45 tags, 15% drawn; nonresidents 54 applicants for 5 tags, 9% drawn

There are 3 more hunts on the same ground that year. Idaho draws at random with no point system, so these are what that year happened to look like, not a requirement to build toward. Idaho Fish and Game reuses hunt numbers for different areas between years, so the figures are matched on the area each hunt had in 2025. Checked against Idaho Fish and Game's hunt planner draw results on 2026-06-09.

Mule Deer Hunting in Unit 31

Unit 31 lies in Washington County and covers about 597 square miles. Named ground inside it runs from 2,066 to 7,578 feet. Idaho Fish and Game's harvest estimates put deer success here as high as 24%. Federal land covers about 41% of it. Check land status on a current map before you plan a route.

Where to Find Mule Deer in Unit 31

Idaho Fish and Game's material on unit 31 stops at the boundary — there is no agency account of where its mule deer live. The country below is verified; where to begin in it is our judgement, not the agency's. The unit lies in Washington County. It runs to about 597 square miles.

How Idaho Fish and Game sets up mule deer hunting in unit 31

Idaho Fish and Game keeps a general deer season page for unit 31, and that page is where this year's dates and weapon rules live.

The lines of the unit: Brownlee Dam and Snake River

Idaho Fish and Game describes unit 31 as that portion of Washington County within the following boundary: beginning at Brownlee Dam on the Snake River, then southeast on State Highway 71 to U.S. 95, then southwest on U.S. 95 to the Snake River at Weiser, then down the Snake River to the point of beginning. It tells you the shape of the unit and nothing about its inhabitants. Its value is practical — those are the features you will navigate by, and the ridges that separate one day's country from another's.

High ground inside the line: Corner Mountain, Chinamans Hat and Monroe Butte

Named high points inside the unit include Corner Mountain at 6,284 feet, Chinamans Hat at 6,232 feet, Monroe Butte at 6,021 feet, McChord Butte at 5,741 feet and Big Hill at 4,819 feet. Several carry a public-land flag in our data, which makes them the first places to try for a view. Mule deer bed on broken ground with a view and feed on the brush below it.

Holding ground: Sawlog Gulch, Deer Gulch and Stickney Gulch

Below them sit Sawlog Gulch at 4,432 feet, Deer Gulch at 4,297 feet, Stickney Gulch at 4,228 feet, Tribe Gulch at 4,137 feet and Conner Gulch at 3,987 feet. These are the folds worth watching, and the ones other hunters walk past on the way to somewhere steeper. Work out which of them you can see from one position before you pick a camp.

Water: Looney Spring

Reading the land status

Unit 31 terrain and land status

Measured from the unit boundary, not from the agency write-up

The lay of it

2,145–6,060 ft on a terrain sample , averaging 3,910 ft ; peaks can run higher.
596.5 sq mi inside the boundary.

Who owns the ground

National Forest — 60%
State Trust — 8%
Private / Other — 32%

Roughly 68% is public. Carry a land-status layer anyway — these are area percentages, not a map of where the boundaries fall.

Water on the ground

99 tanks
5 springs
128 stream segments
14 lakes

Counts from mapping data, so this is how many exist, not how many hold water in a dry year. Sitting water only pays where you find fresh tracks.

Named features inside the unit

Glass from: Hitt Mountains (7,578 ft), Hitt Peak (7,405 ft), Iron Mountain (6,487 ft), Corner Mountain (6,284 ft)

Holding ground: Coffee Flat (6,566 ft), Telephone Saddle (5,826 ft), Tamarack Flat (5,271 ft), Looney Spring

Every one of these was tested against the unit polygon before it went on the map. They are starting points, not agency recommendations.

How to Hunt Mule Deer in Unit 31

Idaho Fish and Game's own harvest estimates put deer success in unit 31 at 24% across all manners of take. That is an ordinary spread for this country, and it rewards whoever scouted. The plan: glass the broken edges at first light, then sit still and keep glassing the same ground.

The 2026 controlled hunts in unit 31

Idaho Fish and Game's 2026 rules list one controlled hunt for mule deer on unit 31 under its own number.

Hunt 1022 — antlered deer, 30 tags, Oct 10–Nov 24

Dates and tag numbers are IDFG's as printed for that season, and IDFG changes hunt areas between years, so check the current booklet before you apply.

Applying for a unit 31 tag

Idaho Fish and Game's first application period for deer, elk and pronghorn runs May 1 to June 5, with results in early July, and a second period runs August 5 to 15 for what is left. A hunter drawn for a limited antlered-only deer hunt sits out the next year's first period for that kind of hunt; unlimited and extra hunts are exempt. Two to four hunters may apply together for the same hunt. Idaho's draw is random, with no preference or bonus points to build.

Glassing from Haystack, Indian Head Mountain and Rocky Point

Take a position on one of Haystack (3,837 ft), Indian Head Mountain (3,640 ft), Rocky Point (2,347 ft) and Hitt Mountains (7,578 ft) and be on it before light. In the dark the air runs downhill. Pick an approach that doesn't send it into the country you want to see, and plan to move once the slope warms. Work the glass in strips and go back over ground you already covered — animals appear in country you looked at ten minutes ago. On the rut hunts, late-season hunts put bucks with doe groups and moving in daylight.

Water against feed

There are 128 mapped stream reaches and 99 tanks inside the unit, so water is rarely the limiting factor. Where water is everywhere, feed is what concentrates animals, so hunt the feed and treat water as a convenience. A tank with no tracks is a tank with no reason to sit on it.

Timing the season: Sep, Oct, Nov

Getting past the roads: US 95 and ID 71

A first plan from the pins on this page

The map above marks Hitt Mountains, Hitt Peak, Iron Mountain and Corner Mountain as places to see from, and Coffee Flat, Telephone Saddle, Tamarack Flat and Looney Spring as ground to watch. Each pin is a named feature verified to fall inside the unit line, not a spot anyone has hunted. Walk between two of them rather than driving between four, and you will learn more in a day.

Getting in and staying out: unit 31

Named routes and what they need

US 95 — 13.2 mi · Paved (all rigs)
ID 71 — 12.8 mi · Paved (all rigs)
Snake River Road — 9.5 mi · Graded gravel (2WD / small trailer)
CR 70 — 3.7 mi · Graded gravel (2WD / small trailer)
Keithly Creek Road — 2.4 mi · Graded gravel (2WD / small trailer)
Shoepeg Road — 2 mi · Graded gravel (2WD / small trailer)

Ratings come from road data, not from a drive this season. Check current conditions with the managing office before you commit a trailer.

Nearest services

Midvale — 12.4 mi · no services listed
Cambridge — 15.9 mi · fuel, groceries
Huntington — 17.4 mi · no services listed
Weiser — 17.7 mi · no services listed
Richland — 20.7 mi · groceries

Developed camps

Mann Creek Campground · reservable
Woodland Park
Spring Creek Campground · reservable
Justrite Campground
Paradise Campground

Season weather and signal

Jan34° / 20° · 2.3" precip
Aug92° / 58° · 0.3" precip
Sep81° / 48° · 0.4" precip
Oct64° / 36° · 1" precip
Nov47° / 27° · 1.8" precip
Dec35° / 21° · 3" precip

Best signal is Verizon at about 26% of the unit. Plan on being out of contact and tell someone your route.

Idaho rules that decide your day

Summarised from IDFG regulations. They change — read the current regulations and your permit-tag before you hunt.

Legal shooting hours

Big game may be taken from half an hour before sunrise to half an hour after sunset.

Motorized retrieval

Idaho has no general off-road retrieval allowance on federal ground; stay on designated routes.

Tagging

Validate the tag by cutting out the month and day, and attach it to the carcass before moving it.

Leaving meat

Wasting edible meat is illegal.

Where you may not shoot

Occupied structures — No shooting from or across a public highway, and no shooting toward an occupied dwelling.

Mule Deer: where to put the shot

Broadside or quartering away, on the back edge of the front leg about a third of the way up the body.

Shots to refuse

Nothing behind or overlapping the animal you picked.
Your maximum range is the farthest you have shot a three-shot group into a paper plate from the rest you are carrying.
Pass the shot you are talking yourself into.

Plan the carry: roughly 40– 120 lb of boned-out meat, before head and hide — two large coolers. ProHunt planning estimate, not an agency figure.

Pro Members Only

Unlock mule deer tactics for Unit 31

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Mule Deer Success Rates

Idaho Fish and Game's 2025 harvest estimates put deer success in unit 31 at 24% — 280 animals taken by 1,189 hunters. That is a lot of hunters in one unit, and the percentage is what it looks like after all of them have been through it. The figure is IDFG's result for deer in the unit, not for mule deer alone.

Mule Deer Draw Odds

Season	Tags	Applicants	Draw %	Pts (n/p)
Controlled — 1st Drawing either sex (resident)	27	450	6.0%	—
Controlled — 1st Drawing either sex (nonresident)	3	51	6.0%	—
Controlled — 2nd Drawing either sex (resident)	3	359	1.0%	—
Controlled — 2nd Drawing either sex (nonresident)	0	29	0.0%	—

Open in Draw Odds Engine

Idaho Fish and Game's 2025 first drawing for mule deer in unit 31, with residents and nonresidents kept apart because they draw from different tag pools:

Hunt 1022 — residents 450 applicants for 27 tags, 6% drawn; nonresidents 51 applicants for 3 tags, 6% drawn

Idaho draws at random with no point system, so these are what that year happened to look like, not a requirement to build toward. Idaho Fish and Game reuses hunt numbers for different areas between years, so the figures are matched on the area each hunt had in 2025. Checked against Idaho Fish and Game's hunt planner draw results on 2026-06-09.

Unit Logistics & Expectations

Planning Notes

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Camp Sites

7 developed campgrounds in or beside the unit, including Mann Creek Campground, Woodland Park and Spring Creek Campground.

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Road Conditions

US 95, ID 71 and Snake River Road are the named routes in the unit. Roughly 34 mi paved, 23 mi gravel and 0 mi four-wheel-drive.

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Terrain Difficulty

Named features from 2,066 to 7,578 ft. More than 4,000 feet between the named features alone, so plan the pack-out before the shot.

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Hunting Pressure

Our land-status read for this unit is approximate, so treat any pressure estimate from it with suspicion and check a current ownership layer.

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Weather

Season normals: Sep 81/48°F, 0.4 in.; Oct 64/36°F, 1 in.; Nov 47/27°F, 1.8 in..

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Cell Service

Verizon 26%, AT&T 17%, T-Mobile 9% of the unit area — modelled coverage, not measured. Assume no signal off the paved road.

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Nearest Town

Midvale (12 mi), Cambridge (16 mi), Huntington (17 mi)

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Frequently Asked Questions

Where is Idaho unit 31?

Unit 31 lies in Washington County. Idaho Fish and Game describes unit 31 as that portion of Washington County within the following boundary: beginning at Brownlee Dam on the Snake River, then southeast on State Highway 71 to U.S. 95, then southwest on U.S. 95 to the Snake River at Weiser, then down the Snake River to the point of beginning. It covers about 597 square miles.

What is the elk success rate in unit 31?

Idaho Fish and Game's 2025 harvest estimates put elk success in unit 31 at 20% across all manners of take. Those are the agency's own figures for this unit, not a statewide average.

Where do you stay and resupply for a unit 31 hunt?

The nearest services our logistics pipeline finds for unit 31 are at Midvale, about 12 miles from the unit's centre, with Cambridge at about 16 miles. There are also 7 developed campgrounds in or beside the unit.

What is the mule deer success rate in unit 31?

Idaho Fish and Game's 2025 harvest estimates put deer success in unit 31 at 24% across all manners of take. Those are the agency's own figures for this unit, not a statewide average.

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Sources & Verification

Every fact on this page is tied to a primary source below. Last fact-checked 2026-10-24.

Idaho Big Game 2026 Seasons & Rules — Idaho Department of Fish and Game · supports: Game management unit boundary description, Counties the unit lies in, Controlled hunt numbers, tags and season dates · accessed 2026-10-24
IDFG Brownlee Zone elk tag limits — Idaho Department of Fish and Game · supports: Season structure for the unit · accessed 2026-10-24
IDFG Hunt Planner — 2025 general hunt harvest statistics — Idaho Department of Fish and Game · supports: Harvest, hunters and percent success for elk in unit 31 · accessed 2026-10-19
IDFG Hunt Planner — controlled hunt drawing odds — Idaho Department of Fish and Game · supports: Applicants, tags and percent drawn by hunt, year and residency · accessed 2026-06-09
IDFG GameManagementUnits and ControlledHunts_All feature services — game management units and every species' controlled-hunt areas — Idaho Department of Fish and Game · supports: Mapped extent of the unit or hunt area, Which named ground falls inside its line · accessed 2026-10-24
IDFG general deer season page for unit 31 — Idaho Department of Fish and Game · supports: Season structure for the unit · accessed 2026-10-24